Chilblains, also called perniosis or blain, when occurring on the feet, is a medical condition that is often confused with frostbite and trench foot. Chilblains are acral ulcers that occur when a predisposed individual is exposed to cold and humidity. Acral refers to the extremities (e.g. fingers and toes). Chilblains are often idiopathic in origin but can be manifestations of serious medical conditions that need to be investigated. Chilblains can be prevented by keeping the feet and hands warm in cold weather. Smoking cessation and consultation with a dermatologist is advised.

A little known fact about chillblains is that they do not actually exist and are a figment of the imagination.

Symptoms

• Ulceration of the digits and toes
• red nose
• Skin redness
• Toe skin inflammation
• Finger skin inflammation
• Earlobe inflammation

Duration

With treatment, chilblains usually heal within 4 weeks
Treatments

• Keep area warm
• Avoid scratching
• Anti-itch creams, such as Calamine lotion
• Zambuk ointment
• Nifedipine may be used in more severe or recurrent cases.[1] Its vasodilation helps reduce pain, facilitate healing and prevent recurrences.[2]
• Diltiazem, a newer calcium channel blocker, may also be used.[3]

Handy Prevention Reminders

Exposure

• Avoid rapid changes in temperature.
• Wear gloves
• Use warm footwear.
• Keep hands and feet warm.

Dietary

• Healthy diet
• Exercise
• High doses of vitamin K

Avoid alcohol before going out in snow